VTU Notes | 18EC35 | COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE

VTU 18EC35 Module-1 | Machine Instructions and Programs

Module-1

4.9
2018 Scheme | ECE Department

Created by VtuNotes.in
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5 Modules

18EC35 | COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE | Module-1 VTU Notes

Summary:

Machine Instructions and Programs form the foundational concepts of computer architecture and programming. In this context, several key components and principles are essential to understand:

1. Numbers and Arithmetic Operations:

Computers represent data, including numbers, in binary form. Arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are performed using binary representations.

2. Characters:

Characters are encoded as numbers, typically using ASCII or Unicode standards. Computers manipulate characters as numerical values in memory.

3. IEEE Standard for Floating-point Numbers:

The IEEE 754 standard defines the representation and operations of floating-point numbers in computers. It specifies how real numbers are stored and manipulated with precision.

4. Memory Location and Addresses:

Memory is organized into discrete locations, each with a unique address. These addresses are used to access and manipulate data stored in memory.

5. Memory Operations:

Instructions are used to read from and write to memory locations. Memory operations are crucial for storing and retrieving data during program execution.

6. Instructions:

Machine instructions are the fundamental commands that a computer's central processing unit (CPU) can execute. These instructions encompass a wide range of operations, including arithmetic, logical, data transfer, and control flow instructions.

7. Instruction Sequencing:

Programs are composed of sequences of machine instructions that specify the steps to be executed by the CPU. Proper sequencing and control flow are essential for achieving desired outcomes in software.

Understanding these concepts is crucial for students and professionals in the field of computer science and engineering. They provide the foundation for writing efficient programs, optimizing code, and comprehending the inner workings of computer systems.

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