The Complete 18cs34 | Computer Organization Notes

Description

Course Code: 18CS34

Course Title: Computer Organization

University: Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU)

"Course Overview for VTU 18CS34 | Computer Organization"

The course "Computer Organization" (Course Code: 18CS34) offered at Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) delves into the intricate realm of digital computer internals and operation. This foundational course equips students with a comprehensive comprehension of computer hardware design and organization principles. Throughout the curriculum, students gain insights into the fundamental architecture of computers and the intricate synergy among various hardware components.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Introduction to Computer Organization: Overview of core computer system constituents, such as CPU, memory, and I/O devices, along with their interconnections.

2. Number Systems and Data Representation: Study of diverse number systems (binary, decimal, hexadecimal) and data representation techniques. Includes signed/unsigned numbers and floating-point representation.

3. Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates: Introduction to Boolean algebra, logic gates, and their application in constructing logical and arithmetic circuits.

4. Combinational Logic: Examination of combinational circuits that perform operations based solely on input values, including multiplexers, decoders, and adders.

5. Sequential Logic: In-depth analysis of sequential circuits with memory elements, encompassing flip-flops, registers, counters, and memory components.

6. Central Processing Unit (CPU): Detailed exploration of CPU architecture, encompassing control units, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), instruction execution, formats, and addressing modes.

7. Memory Organization: Study of computer memory organization, spanning memory hierarchy, cache memory, and memory addressing.

8. Input/Output Organization: Understanding the integration of input and output devices with computer systems, involving I/O interfaces, memory-mapped I/O, and direct memory access (DMA).

9. Assembly Language and Microprogramming: Introduction to assembly language programming and microprogramming for CPU control.

10. Instruction Set Architecture: Discussion on various instruction set architectures, their impact on computer performance, and programming ease.

11. Pipelining and Parallel Processing: Overview of pipelining for enhancing instruction throughput and introduction to parallel processing concepts.

12. Control Unit Design: Insight into the design of control units to orchestrate instruction execution and component synchronization within the CPU.

The course amalgamates theoretical knowledge with practical exposure through programming assignments and simulations, providing students with hands-on experience. Proficiency in computer organization underpins advanced topics like computer architecture, operating systems, and compiler design. It nurtures problem-solving skills and the ability to optimize code for superior performance, making it a pivotal study for computer science and engineering students.

What you will learn?

Module-1

Basic Structure of Computers: Basic Operational Concepts, Bus Structures, Performance – Processor Clock, Basic Performance Equation, Clock Rate, Performance Measurement.

Machine Instructions and Programs: Memory Location and Addresses, Memory Operations, Instructions and Instruction Sequencing, Addressing Modes, Assembly Language, Basic Input and Output Operations, Stacks and Queues, Subroutines, Additional Instructions, Encoding of Machine Instructions

Module-2

Input/Output Organization: Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts – Interrupt Hardware, Direct Memory Access, Buses, Interface Circuits, Standard I/O Interfaces – PCI Bus, SCSI Bus, USB.

Module-3

Memory System: Basic Concepts, Semiconductor RAM Memories, Read Only Memories, Speed, Size, and Cost, Cache Memories – Mapping Functions, Replacement Algorithms, Performance Considerations.

Module-4

Arithmetic: Numbers, Arithmetic Operations and Characters, Addition and Subtraction of Signed Numbers, Design of Fast Adders, Multiplication of Positive Numbers, Signed Operand Multiplication, Fast Multiplication, Integer Division.

Module-5

Basic Processing Unit: Some Fundamental Concepts, Execution of a Complete Instruction, Multiple Bus Organization, Hard-wired Control, Micro programmed Control.