VTU Notes | 18EC36 | POWER ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION

VTU Module-2 | Choppers

Module-2

4.9
2018 Scheme | ECE Department

Created by VtuNotes.in
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5 Modules

18EC36 | POWER ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION | Module-2 VTU Notes

Summary:

Choppers are essential power electronics devices used in various applications for controlling the voltage levels in electrical systems. This summary provides an overview of choppers, their classification, and basic operation, with a focus on step-down, step-up, and step-up/down choppers.

1. Chopper Classification:

Choppers, also known as DC-DC converters, are classified into several types based on their operating characteristics and applications. The primary classifications include:

Step-Down Choppers: Step-down choppers, also known as buck converters, lower the output voltage compared to the input voltage. They are widely used in applications where voltage reduction is required, such as battery charging and motor control.
Step-Up Choppers: Step-up choppers, also called boost converters, increase the output voltage compared to the input voltage. These choppers find applications in systems requiring higher voltage levels, such as renewable energy systems and high-intensity discharge lamps.
Step-Up/Down Choppers: Step-up/down choppers, also known as buck-boost converters, offer the flexibility to regulate the output voltage to either higher or lower levels than the input voltage. They are versatile and employed in applications with varying voltage requirements.

2. Basic Chopper Operation:

Choppers operate by periodically switching the input voltage to control the output voltage. The fundamental components and operation of choppers are as follows:

Switching Device: Choppers employ solid-state switches, typically MOSFETs or IGBTs, to control the flow of current from the input to the output.
Inductive Load: Choppers are often connected to an inductive load, such as a motor or an inductor, which stores energy and helps in voltage regulation.
Control Circuit: A control circuit provides the switching signals to the switching device based on the desired output voltage and current.
Diode: In some chopper configurations, a diode is used to provide a path for the current when the switching device is off.
Output Filter: An output filter is employed to smoothen the output voltage and reduce ripple.

The chopper operation involves switching the input voltage on and off at a high frequency. By adjusting the duty cycle (the ratio of on-time to off-time), choppers can effectively control the output voltage and current, making them suitable for various voltage regulation tasks.

In summary, choppers are versatile DC-DC converters with applications ranging from voltage reduction to voltage boosting. Understanding their classification and basic operation is crucial for engineers and technicians working in the field of power electronics and electrical systems.

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